Overview of Evaluation Types

In the Evaluation Planning section of The Power of Proof, we discussed the need for identifying the type of evaluation best suited for your needs before evaluation begins. There were four different types introduced: formative evaluation, process evaluation, short-term outcome evaluation, and long-term outcome evaluation. Here is a summary of each.

• Formative evaluation is the process of testing program plans, messages, materials, strategies, or modifications for weaknesses and strengths before they are put into effect. Formative evaluation is also used when an unanticipated problem occurs after the program is in effect.
   
• Process evaluation is the mechanism for testing the delivery of the program, rather than its effect. For example, process evaluation would be used to determine whether the program’s procedures for reaching the target population are working as planned.
   
• Short-term outcome evaluation is used to measure the immediate effect the program has on the intended audience soon after implementation.
   
• Long-term outcome evaluation is used to measure the long-term effect of the program. It is the process of measuring whether your program met its ultimate goal of reducing tobacco-related disease and death. The results of long-term outcome evaluation often impact decisions to continue program funding.