Tobacco Technical Assistance Consortium

American Legacy Foundation.
“Tracking Tobacco Industry Marketing to College Youth.”
Project 2030 Internship Final Report. 2002.

Centers for Disease Control & Prevention.
“Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance: National College Health Risk Behavior Survey
- - United States, 1995”
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 46:SS-6 (1997):1-54.
Available online at:
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00049859.htm

Centers for Disease Control & Prevention.
“Prevalence of Current Cigarette Smoking Among Adults and Change in
Prevalence of Current and Some Day Smoking — United States, 1996-2001.”
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 52:14 (April, 2003): 303-307.
Available online at:
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5214a2.htm

Centers for Disease Control & Prevention.
“Spit Tobacco (Dip, Chew, Snuff, Smokeless).”
Communication at CDC. July, 2003.
Available online at:
http://www.cdc.gov/communication/tips/tobacco.htm

DeBernardo R, Aldinger C, Dawood O, Hanson R, Lee S, and Rinaldi S.
“An Email Assessment of Undergraduates’ Attitudes Toward Smoking.”
Journal of American College Health. 48 (1999):61-66.

Everett S, Husten C, Kann L, Warren C, Sharp D, and Crossett L.
“Smoking Initiation and Smoking Patterns Among US College Students.”
Journal of American College Health. 48 (1999):55-60.

Halperin AC.
State of the Union: Smoking on US College Campuses.
A report for the American Legacy Foundation. Washington DC. March 2002.
(Unpublished, internal report)

Halperin AC, Eytan TA.
Tobacco Use Trends and Associated Risks in a University Population.
Presented at the Annual Meeting, Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
(SRNT), Seattle, WA. March 23, 2001.

Higher Education Center for Alcohol & Other Drug Prevention.
“College Athletes and Alcohol and Other Drug Use.”
Infofacts Resources. February, 2002.
Available online at:
http://www.edc.org/hec/pubs/factsheets/fact_sheet3.html

Jamner MS.
“Cigar Smoking among College Students: Prevalence and Correlates.”
Preventive Medicine. 29 (1999):187-194.

Johnston LD, O'Malley PM, and Bachman JG (2002).
Monitoring the Future: National Survey Results on Drug Use, 1975-2001.
Volume II: College Students and Adults Ages 19-40.
(NIH Publication No. 02-5107). Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse.

Ling P, Glantz S.
“Why and How the Tobacco Industry Sells Cigarettes to Young Adults:
Evidence from Industry Documents.”
American Journal of Public Health. 92:6 (2002): 908-916.
Abstract available online at:
http://www.ajph.org/cgi/content/abstract/92/6/908

National Cancer Institute.
“Cancer Facts: Questions and Answers About Cigar Smoking and Cancer.”
March, 2000.
Available online at:
http://cis.nci.nih.gov/fact/3_65.htm

National Cancer Institute.
“Cancer Facts: Smokeless Tobacco and Cancer: Questions and Answers.”
May, 2003.
Available online at:
http://cis.nci.nih.gov/fact/3_63.htm

National Household Survey on Drug Abuse.
“The NHSDA Report :Cigar Use.” December 21, 2001.
Available online at:
http://www.oas.samhsa.gov/2k1/cigars/cigars.cfm

Oral Cancer Foundation.
“Types of Tobacco.”
Available online at:
http://www.oralcancerfoundation.org/tobacco/types_of_tobacco.htm

Rigotti N, Lee J, and Wechsler H.
“US College Students’ Use of Tobacco Products: Results of a National Survey.”
Journal of the American Medical Association. 284:6, (2000): 699-705.
Abstract available online at:
http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/short/284/6/699

Wechsler H, Rigotti N, Gledhill-Hoyt J, and Lee H.
“Increased Levels of Cigarette Use Among College Students: A Cause for
National Concern.”
Journal of the American Medical Association. 280:19 (1998):1673-78.
Abstract available online at:
http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/280/19/1673

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The Negative Effects of Tobacco Use

Anthony J, and Echegaray-Wagner F.
“Epidemiologic Analysis of Alcohol & Tobacco Use: Patterns of Co-Occurring
Consumptions and Dependence in the United States.”
Alchohol Research & Health. 24: 4 (2000):201-08.
Available online at:
http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/arh24-4/201-208.pdf

Brown R, Lewinson P, Seeley J, and Wagner E.
“Cigarette Smoking, Major Depression, and Other Psychiatric Disorders
Among Adolescents.”
Journal of the Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 35: 12 (1996):1602-10.

Brownson R, Eriksen M, Davis R, and Warner K.
“Environmental Tobacco Smoke: Health Effects and Policies to Reduce Exposure.”
Annual Review of Public Health. 18 (1997):163-85.
Abstract available online at:
http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.publhealth.18.1.163

Centers for Disease Control & Prevention.
“Targeting Tobacco Use: The Nation’s Leading Cause of Death.” July, 2003.
Available online at:
http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/aag/aag_osh.htm

Centers for Disease Control & Prevention.
“Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Cotinine Levels—Fact Sheet.”
October, 2002.
Available online at:
http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/research_data/environmental/factsheet_ets.htm

Environmental Protection Agency.
“Factsheet: Respiratory Health Effects of Passive Smoking.”
EPA Document # 43-F-93-003. January 1993.
Available online at:
http://www.epa.gov/iaq/pubs/etsfs.html

Halperin AC.
State of the Union: Smoking on US College Campuses.
A report for the American Legacy Foundation. Washington DC. March 2002.
(Unpublished, internal report)

Halperin AC, Eytan TA.
Tobacco Use Trends and Associated Risks in a University Population.
Presented at the Annual Meeting, Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
(SRNT), Seattle, WA. March 23, 2001.

Hammond KS, Sorensen G, Youngstrom, R, and Ockene JK.
"Occupational Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke."
Journal of the American Medical Association. 274(1995):956-960.

National Institute on Drug Abuse.
“Smoking May Lead to Anxiety Disorders in Adoloscents & Young Adults.”
16:1 (March 2001).
NIDA Notes: A Collection of Articles that Address Research in Nicotine. NN0031.
Available online at:
http://www.drugabuse.gov/NIDA_Notes/NNVol16N1/Smoking.html

National Institute on Drug Abuse.
“Facts about Nicotine and Tobacco Products.” 13:3 (July 1999).
NIDA Notes: A Collection of Articles that Address Research in Nicotine: NN0031.
Available online at:
http://www.drugabuse.gov/NIDA_notes/NNVol13N3/tearoff.html

Rigotti N, Lee JE, and Wechsler H.
“US College Students Use of Tobacco Products: Results of a National Survey.”
Journal of the American Medical Association. 284: 6 (2000): 699-705.
Abstract available online at:
http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/short/284/6/699

Wechsler H, Rigotti N, Gledhill-Hoyt J, and Lee H.
“ Increased Levels of Cigarette Use Among College Students:
A Cause for National Concern.”
Journal of the American Medical Association. 280: 19 (1998): 1673-78.
Abstract available online at:
http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/280/19/1673

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Tobacco Marketing to College-Aged Youth

American Legacy Foundation.
“Tracking Tobacco Industry Marketing to College Youth.”
Project 2030 Internship Final Report. 2002.

Bobo J and Husten C.
“Sociocultural Influences on Smoking and Drinking.”
Alcohol Research and Health. 24: 4(2000):225-231.
Available online at:
http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/arh24-4/199-200.pdf

Federal Trade Commission.
“Cigarette Report for 1999.”
Available online at:
http://www.ftc.gov/reports/cigarettes/1999cigarettereport.pdf

Katz S, and Lavack A.
“Tobacco Related Bar Promotions: Insights from Tobacco
Industry Documents.”
Tobacco Control. 11; Suppl 1 (2002):i92-i101.
Abstract available online at:
http://tc.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/abstract/11/suppl_1/i92

Magzamen S, and Glantz S.
“The New Battleground: California’s Experience with Smoke-Free Bars.”
American Journal of Public Health. 9:12 (2001):245-252.
Abstract available online at:
http://www.ajph.org/cgi/content/abstract/91/2/245

National Center for Tobacco-Free Kids.
“Tobacco Company Marketing to College Students Since the Multistate
Settlement Agreement was Signed.” March 21, 2001.
Available online at:
http://www.tobaccofreekids.org/research/factsheets/pdf/0135.pdf

Rigotti N, Moran, S, and Wechsler H.
“US College Students’ Exposure to Tobacco Promotions: Prevalence and Association with Tobacco Use.”
American Journal of Public Health. 94 (2004).

Sepe E, and Glantz S.
“Bar and Club Tobacco Promotions in the Alternative Press:
Targeting Young Adults.”
American Journal of Public Health. 92:1(2002):75-78.
Available online at:
http://www.tobaccoscam.ucsf.edu/pdf/9.2-SepeBars1.pdf

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Smoking: The Price Colleges Pay

American Cancer Society.
“Smoke-Free Campus Housing will Reduce Fire Risk and Save Lives.”
ACS Smoke-Free New England Campus Initiative.
Available online at:
http://www.cancer.org/downloads/COM/Smoke-Free
_Housing_Reduces_Fire_Risk%20.pdf

American Cancer Society.
“Smoke-Free Colleges Will Produce Smoke-Free Workforce.”
ACS Smoke-Free New England Campus Initiative.
Available online at:
http://www.cancer.org/downloads/COM/Smoke-Free_Colleges
_Produce_Smoke-Free_Workplaces.pdf

Martin, C.
“Butte College Adopts On-campus Smoking Restrictions.”
Quote from Butte/Glenn Community College grounds supervisor
Mike Miller. U-Wire. Wednesday, June 21, 1998.

Garland WS.
“BOMA Supports Smoking Ban in Buildings.”
Building Owners and Management Association.

Kristein M.
“How Much Can Business Expect To Profit From Smoking Cessation?”
Preventive Medicine. 12 (1983):358-381. [Profit adjusted for time by the author].

National Fire Protection Agency.
“School, College, & University Dormitory, Fraternity & Sorority House Fires.”
April, 2002.
Available online at:
http://www.nfpa.org/Research/nfpafactsheets/dormfires/dormcollegehousingfires.asp

Swart.
“An Overlooked Cost of Employee Smoking.”
Personnel. August, 1990.

United States Fire Administration.
“Fire Safety 101: A Factsheet for Colleges & Universities.”
March, 1999. Available online at: http://www.usfa.fema.gov

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High-Risk Populations

American Lung Association.
“Fact Sheet: Women and Smoking.” June 2002.
Available online at:
http://www.lungusa.org/tobacco/women_factsheet99.html

Center for Disease Control & Prevention.
“Women & Smoking: A Report from the Surgeon General 2001.”
US Department of Health & Human Services.
Available online at:
http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/womenandtobacco/

Emmons K, Abraham M, Wechsler H, and Dowdall G.
“Predictors of smoking among US college students.”
American Journal of Public Health. 88 (1988): 104-107.

Gingiss P and Gottleib N.
“A Comparison of Smokeless Tobacco and Smoking Practices of University Varsity
and Intramural Baseball Players.” Addictive Behaviors. 16(1991): 335-340.

Halperin AC, Eytan TA.
Tobacco Use Trends and Associated Risks in a University Population.
Presented at the Annual Meeting, Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
(SRNT), Seattle, WA. March 23, 2001.

Hancock L.
“A Tobacco Use Reduction Guide for Colleges: Shared Vision & Strategies.”
Office of Health Promotion, Virginia Commonwealth University, 2003.

Higher Education Center for Alcohol & Other Drug Prevention.
“College Athletes and Alcohol and Other Drug Use.”
Infofacts Resources. February, 2002.
http://www.edc.org/hec/pubs/factsheets/fact_sheet3.html

Langhammer A, Johnsen R, Gulsvik A, Holmen TJ, and Bjermer L.
“Sex Difference in Lung Vulnerability to Tobacco Smoking.”
European Respiratory Journal. 21:6 (2003): 1017-1023.

Ozcan YZ, and Ozcan KM.
“Determinants of Youth Smoking – Evidence from Turkey.”
Substance Use and Misuse. 37:3 (2002):313-316.

Ryan H, Wortley PM, Easton A, Pederson L, and Greenwood G.
“Smoking Among Lesbians, Gays and Bisexuals: A Review of the Literature.”
American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 21:2 (2001):142-149.

Tercy AK, Kenneth P, Lerman C, and Audrain J.
“Association of Attention-Defecit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms with Levels of
Cigarette Smoking in a Community Sample of Adolescents.”
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 41:7 (2002):799-805.

Zucker A, Harrell Z, Miner-Rubino K, Stewart A, Pomerleau C, Boyd C.
“Smoking in College Women: The Role of Thinness Pressures, Media Exposure,
and Critical Consciousness.”
Psychology of Women Quarterly. 25 (2001): 233-241.
Abstract available online:

http://www.ingenta.com/isis/searching/ExpandTOC/ingenta;jsessionid
=rudl865819te?issue=6946.538000/2001/{25}/{3}&index=6

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Cessation Programs on College Campuses
(Campus Tobacco Cessation Services)

Allen, C.
“College Smokers Ignore Health Risks.”
Psychology Today. July, 2003.
Available online at:
http://www.psychologytoday.com/htdocs/prod/PTOArticle/PTO-20030731
-000002.asp

American Cancer Society.
“Quitting Smokeless Tobacco.” October, 2002.
Available online at:
http://www.cancer.org/docroot/PED/content/
PED_10_13X_Quitting_Smokeless_Tobacco.asp?sitearea=ped

Black D, Loftus E, Chatterjee R, Tiffany S, and Babrow A.
“Smoking Cessation Interventions for University Students: Recruitment
and Program Design Considerations Based on Social Marketing Theory.”
Preventive Medicine. 22(1993): 388-399.

Black D, and Babrow A.
“Identification of Campaign Recruitment Strategies for a Stepped Smoking
Cessation Intervention for a College Campus.”
Health Education Quarterly. 18:2 (1991): 235-247.

Chakravorty B., and Chakravorty S.
“Cessation Related Perceptions and Behavior of Former and Current
Smokeless Tobacco Users.”
Journal of American College Health. 46 (1997): 133-138.

DeBernardo R, Aldinger C, Dawood O, Hanson R, Lee SJ, and Rinaldi S.
“An E-Mail Assessment of Undergraduates’ Attitudes Towards Smoking.”
Journal of American College Health. 48 (1999): 61-66.

Everett S, Husten H, Kann L, Warren C, Sharp D, and Crossett L.
“Smoking Initiation and Smoking Patterns Among US College Students.”
Journal of American College Health. 48 (1999): 55-60.

Foote JA, Harris RB, Gilles ME, Ahner H, Roice D, Becksted T,
Messinger T, Bunch R, and Bilant K.
“Physician Advice and Tobacco Use: A Survey of 1st-Year College Students.”
Journal of American College Health. 45(1996): 129-132.

Halperin A, and Rigotti N.
“US Public Universities’ Compliance With Recommended Tobacco Policies.”
Journal of American College Health. 51: 5 (2003) 181-88.
Abstract available online at:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=
PubMed&list_uids=12822709&dopt=Abstract

Massachusetts Tobacco Control Program: Department of Public Health.
Principles and Strategies for a Comprehensive Tobacco Cessation Program. 1994.

Mooney, DK.
“Facilitating Student Use of Campus Smoking Cessation Services.”
Journal of American College Health. 50:3(2001): 141-142.

Office of the Surgeon General.
“Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence: Summary.” June 2000.
Available online at:
http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/tobacco/smokesum.htm

Prochaska JO and DiClemente CC.
Stages of Change in the Modification of Problem Behaviors.
Newbury Park, CA. Sage Publications, 1992.

Walsh M, Hilton J, Masouredis C, Gee L, Chesney M, and Ernster V.
“Smokeless Tobacco Cessation Intervention for College Athletes:
Results After 1 Year.”
American Journal of Public Health. 89:2(1999): 228-234.
Abstract available online at:
http://www.ajph.org/cgi/content/abstract/89/2/228

Wechsler H, Kelley K, Seibring M, Kuo M, and Rigotti NA.
"College Smoking Policies and Smoking Cessation Programs: Results of a Survey of College Health Center Directors."
Journal of American College Health. 49:3(2001):1-8.

Wetter DW, Kenford SL, Welsch SK, Smith SS, Fouuladi RT, Fiore MC, and Baker TB.
“Prevalance and Predictors of Transitions in Smoking Behavior Among College Students.”
Health Psychology. 23 (2004): 168-177.

REFERENCES FOR FACT SHEETS